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The terms behind the numbers

Deposit beta
The share of a Fed rate move a bank actually passes on to its savers.
Roll decay
What a futures fund loses each month it sells a nearby contract and buys a dearer later one.
Owners’ equivalent rent
The rent a homeowner would pay for their own house — the heaviest single item in the CPI.
CPI-W
The index for urban wage earners and clerical workers: the basket that sets the Social Security raise.
Assessed value
The figure a county uses to tax a house, which is not what a buyer would pay for it.
Special assessment
A one-off charge on owners for work the reserve fund cannot absorb.

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Housing

A roof generates paperwork long before it generates a sale. This section covers the bills attached to one: assessed value and the appeal that disputes it, insurance priced on the cost of rebuilding rather than the price paid, property tax computed from a rate and a base that are set separately. The recurring question is which number a given document is using, because assessed value, market value and replacement cost are three different things that are routinely quoted as one.

In practice that means reading the documents a household already receives: the assessment notice and the appeal deadline printed on it, the renewal that reprices a policy against the cost of rebuilding, the reserve study behind a special assessment, the escrow statement that explains why a monthly payment changed. Even the familiar rule that housing should take no more than a set share of income began as a line in a federal ledger, and the material says which ledger. Property pieces from the earlier column keep their own addresses in the archive.

Construction workers framing a house in fall-protection harnesses
A framing crew using fall-protection equipment on a residential build. — National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) from USA · Public domain

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A building under renovation beside an open excavation
Housing

How an HOA Special Assessment Works

The special assessment letter in your mailbox did not come out of nowhere. It is the arithmetic of a funding gap the reserve study already mapped.